WNT3 Is a Biomarker Capable of Predicting the Definitive Endoderm Differentiation Potential of hESCs

Generation of functional cells from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) through in vitro differentiation is a promising approach for drug screening and cell therapy. However, the observed large and unavoidable variation in the differentiation potential of different human embryonic stem cell (hESC)/induced PSC (iPSC) lines makes the selection of an appropriate cell line for the differentiation of a particular cell lineage difficult. Here, we report identification of WNT3 as a biomarker capable of predicting definitive endoderm (DE) differentiation potential of hESCs. We show that the mRNA level of WNT3 in hESCs correlates with their DE differentiation efficiency. In addition, manipulations of hESCs through WNT3 knockdown or overexpression can respectively inhibit or promote DE differentiation in a WNT3 level-dependent manner. Finally, analysis of several hESC lines based on their WNT3 expression levels allowed accurate prediction of their DE differentiation potential. Collectively, our study supports the notion that WNT3 can serve as a biomarker for predicting DE differentiation potential of hESCs

The fundamental gap of a kind of two dimensional sub-elliptic operator

This paper is concerned at the minimization fundamental gap problem for a class of two-dimensional degenerate sub-elliptic operators. We establish existence results for weak solutions, Sobolev embedding theorem and spectral theory of sub-elliptic operators. We provide the existence and characterization theorems for extremizing potentials $V(x)$ when $V(x)$ is subject to $L^\infty$ norm constraint

Physiology and Pathology of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: Antibodies- and Vaccines-Based Pathogen-Specific Targeting

Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) are increasing rapidly and posing a global threat to mankind. Alternative strategies other than antibiotics have to be explored urgently. In this chapter, we review the current status of nonantibiotics strategies including antibody-based therapy and vaccine development for targeting Gram-positive strains (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium) and MDR Gram-negative strains (Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Biologics-based clinical progress against these bacterial infections is updated

Evolution of magnetic component in Yang-Mills condensate dark energy models

The evolution of the electric and magnetic components in an effective Yang-Mills condensate dark energy model is investigated. If the electric field is dominant, the magnetic component disappears with the expansion of the Universe. The total YM condensate tracks the radiation in the earlier Universe, and later it becomes $w_y\sim-1$ thus is similar to the cosmological constant. So the cosmic coincidence problem can be avoided in this model. However, if the magnetic field is dominant, $w_y>1/3$ holds for all time, suggesting that it cannot be a candidate for the dark energy in this case.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, minor typos correcte

The Effects of the bio-inspired pulsed electromagnetic fields on ATP and health

All cells in the body need Calcium, Oxygen, Glucose, Potassium and Magnesium etc., to correctly function. Calcium, Oxygen and Glucose are essential for the production of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). ATP is the basic ‘fuel’ needed to drive the mitochondria that are the cells’ main energy producers. So it is very important that cells are able to produce enough ATP. The more ATP that is produced, the healthier cells are and the healthier we are. It is also known that electromagnetic signals have considerable effects on ATP levels. If ATP can be measured, then the cells’ healthiness can be defined and evaluated. So it is necessary to investigate how to measure ATP, the effects of bio-inspired electro-magnetic signals on ATP levels and the relationships between ATP and cells’ health (human health). There has been a lot of research on ATP, however, as far as the authors are aware, there has been limited research on how to measure ATP and the effects of electromagnetic fields on ATP, especially, the effects of bio-inspired electromagnetic fields. In this paper, certain equipment for measuring ATP for hygiene monitoring is employed to measure the ATP levels of a number of people with and without bio-inspired pulsed electromagnetic fields (BIPEF) to investigate how BIPEF influence the ATP levels of people and by directly connecting their health. The test results show that most people's ATP levels are significantly increased (up to 600% increase) after they stayed in the BIPEF for a period of about 20 minutes. The averages of ATP% increase are 241% for British group and 111% for Chinese group. The findings confirm that the BIPEF does have significant effects on people's ATP levels. This means that the cellular biosynthesis processes of those people in the bio-inspired pulsed electromagnetic fields have been enhanced. So their energy and health are positively affected